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南懷瑾：正月初一，中國人為什麼先要祭天地、拜祖宗？

南怀瑾：

我們以前過年，正月初一早上起來，家長帶領全家的人，先要祭天地、拜祖宗，雖然儀式簡單，但卻很嚴肅，而慎重。

春秋二季要祭祖，也就是實行“祖宗雖遠，祭祀不可不誠”的尊敬傳統的精神。現代一般家庭，就從來不祭祖，連跪拜的禮都不會行，這就是教育的問題，值得重新研究、重新修整。保持這一點傳統，這一點習慣，使後代知道源遠流長的民族傳統，這也是我們的責任。

“祭如在，祭神如神在。子曰：吾不與祭，如不祭。”

這是孔子所說祭祀祖宗和祈禱時心儀的原則。當我們祭祖宗的時候要以“如在”目前相對的誠心，猶如祖宗尚在面前一樣的誠敬。假使是祭神，神就在此。要表裡如一，才是肅齋莊敬的道理。所以他又說：“吾不與祭，如不祭。”假使說我因為沒有時間，沒有親自參與這個祭典，只是象徵式由別人去代表一番，這樣就等於不祭，又何必故作排場呢?這種精神，不但告訴我們對於任何祭典要如此，同時也間接地告訴我們做人的道理，無論對生者或死者，由明裡到暗裡，都要由衷一貫。

——《論語別裁》

中華民族過去只有一個宗教，就是祖宗，是孝道

有人問，你們中國上古文化沒有宗教的吧!我說你錯了，有宗教。你們的宗教是丁字架，不是十字架，我們的是十字架。我說你們的文化，西方人，歐洲同美國文化，不管父母的喔，只管下一代。愛、愛、愛的是下一代，中間兩邊撐開，兄弟姐妹也不管的喔，只管男女兩個愛（眾笑）。男女兩個愛得也不長（眾笑），你看你們丁字形的。

我們呢，不同，父母、祖宗、祖宗的祖宗一直上去，再上面是上帝了。“上帝”這個名稱，中國文化是《書經》上來的。十字下面兒子、孫子，下去子孫萬代，旁邊是兄弟姐妹，整個的社會國家，這個是十字架。你們是丁字架的文化，你們就是兩個人愛啊愛啊，愛是什麼東西也不懂，兩個人抱著接吻就叫作愛。我說我買兩條黃魚啊，金魚，放在一起，它們天天愛（眾笑）。然後，你們上面就直接通上帝，中間沒有個橋樑的。我們有橋樑，由父母到祖宗，一直上去上去，就到上帝。一步一步樓梯上來，上面一直下來。左右這樣分開是十字架，再加上一個太極圖一畫，一個圓圈裡頭一個十字架。這就是中國文化。

——《南懷瑾講演錄》

中國文化對天地宇宙以及人類的看法，與西方文化完全不同。所以西方人研究中國文化，往往認為中國沒有哲學。中國人當然有哲學，中國哲學中不但研究本體論，也研究知識論。西方人的看法，中國只有人生哲學最發達，過去西洋人寫的中國文化歷史，認為中國的宗教都是外來的，中國本身沒有。對於這一點，我是絕對反對，所以很多美國來的教授跟我談起這個，我都把他們駁得一塌糊塗，告訴他們，你們不懂，中國有宗教，只是不像你們的宗教形式。而且世界上五大教主都是東方人，釋迦牟尼佛是印度人，默罕默德是中東人，耶穌也是中東邊上的人，猶太人也是東方，不是西方；至於孔子、老子，都是我們中國人，都是東方人。

這個還不說，你們過去的所謂宗教，是泛神教；我們過去看起來好像也是多神教、泛神教，其實不是。中華民族過去文化只有一個宗教，就是祖宗，是孝道，祖宗這個根根就代表宗教了。所以拜祖宗代表了一切，是一樣的宗教情操。我說哲學也有很多的道理，我們歷史就代表了中國的宗教哲學。在道家來說，幾千年前非常科學，但是脫開了宗教的外衣，沒有任何宗教形態。

——《列子臆說》

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